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Drawing your first Triangle |
This chapter will cover the basics of drawing. First a few things you should know.
Every object drawn by Direct3D is drawn using triangles. Surprisingly enough, a triangle is defined by 3 points. Every point is defined by a vector, specifying the X, Y and Z coordinates of the point. However, just knowing the coordinates of a point might not be enough. For example, you might want to define a color for the given point as well. This is where a vertex (pl. vertices) comes in: it is the list of properties of a given point, including the position, color and so on.
DirectX has a construct that fits perfectly to hold our vertex information: the CustomVertex class. Just add the following code to the beginning of the OnPaint method :
CustomVertex.TransformedColored[] vertices = new CustomVertex.TransformedColored[3];
vertices[0].Position = new Vector4(150f, 100f, 0f, 1f);
vertices[0].Color = Color.Red.ToArgb();
vertices[1].Position = new Vector4(this.Width/2+100f, 100f, 0f, 1f);
vertices[1].Color = Color.Green.ToArgb();
vertices[2].Position = new Vector4(250f, 300f, 0f, 1f);
vertices[2].Color = Color.Yellow.ToArgb();
The first line creates an array to hold the information for 3 vertices. TransformedColored means the coordinates of the points will be screen coordinates and each of the points can have its own color. Next we fill in the position and information for 3 points. The'f' behind the numbers simply convert the integers to floats, the expected format. Don't pay attention to the 4th coordinate for now.
All we have to do now is tell the device to paint the triangle! Right after the Clear call, add these lines:
device.BeginScene();
device.EndScene();
The first line tells the device the we’re going to build the 'scene'. The scene is the whole world of objects the device has to display. The last line indicates the end of the scene definition. The following lines will define our scene (that currently only consists of 1 simple triangle), so add them between the BeginScene and EndScene calls:
device.VertexFormat = CustomVertex.TransformedColored.Format;
device.DrawUserPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 1, vertices);
First we tell the device what kind of vertex information to expect. The last line actually draws the triangle. The first argument indicates that a list of separate triangles is coming. If you would draw 4 triangles, you would need a vertex array of 12 vertices. Another possibility is to use a TriangleStrip, which can perform a lot faster, but is only useful to draw triangles that are connected to each other. More on the TriangleStrip in C# Series 3 : "Triangle Strip".
That's all there is to it! Running this code will already give you a colorful triangle on a blue background. Feel free to experiment with the colors and the coordinates.
There still is a problem you might encounter while resizing the window. Try adjusting the width of the window. Sometimes, Windows doesn't consider resizing a window important enough to repaint the whole window. To solve the problem, simply add the following line to the bottom of your OnPaint method:
this.Invalidate();
You should also add the following line to the constructor of your form:
this.SetStyle(ControlStyles.AllPaintingInWmPaint | ControlStyles.Opaque, true);
Click here to go to the forum on this chapter!
Or click on one of the topics on this chapter to go there:
unresolved external symbol _direct3...
Hi!!!
When I try to compile the code of this tu...out of OutOfVideoMemoryException
DirectX.Direct3D.OutOfVideoMemoryException was unh...VECTOR4
I got a little tripped up, but figured it out.
Wh...this.Invalidate(); buttons problem
... at least for me it doesn't :)
Hello there ...Series 4 for DX C# ??
Will there be a series 4 tutorial for Direct X usi...this.Invalidate() causes problem
First of all, thanks for sharing this information,...Fourth dimension
Hi,
Why are we using four parameters to create ...Position
when i build the code it gives me an error about p...with PictureBox
hi,
i've finished all the tutorial and now i n...DrawUserPrimitive Error
I have just started going through the DirectX C# t...A lot of errors
Hi,
I'm getting a lot of errors.
First is t...Doesn't draw after resizing
Hi there.
First of all, thanks alot for your deta...
Much better. I've listed the total code below :
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using Microsoft.DirectX;
using Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D;
namespace DirectX_Tutorial
{
public class WinForm : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
private Device device;
private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;
public WinForm()
{
InitializeComponent();
this.SetStyle(ControlStyles.AllPaintingInWmPaint | ControlStyles.Opaque, true);
}
public void InitializeDevice()
{
PresentParameters presentParams = new PresentParameters();
presentParams.Windowed = true;
presentParams.SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard;
device = new Device(0, DeviceType.Hardware, this, CreateFlags.SoftwareVertexProcessing, presentParams);
}
protected override void OnPaint(System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)
{
CustomVertex.TransformedColored[] vertices = new CustomVertex.TransformedColored[3];
vertices[0].Position = new Vector4(150f, 100f, 0f, 1f);
vertices[0].Color = Color.Red.ToArgb();
vertices[1].Position = new Vector4(this.Width/2+100f, 100f, 0f, 1f);
vertices[1].Color = Color.Green.ToArgb();
vertices[2].Position = new Vector4(250f, 300f, 0f, 1f);
vertices[2].Color = Color.Yellow.ToArgb();
device.Clear(ClearFlags.Target, Color.DarkSlateBlue , 1.0f, 0);
device.BeginScene();
device.VertexFormat = CustomVertex.TransformedColored.Format;
device.DrawUserPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 1, vertices);
device.EndScene();
device.Present();
this.Invalidate();
}
protected override void Dispose (bool disposing)
{
if (disposing)
{
if (components != null)
{
components.Dispose();
}
}
base.Dispose(disposing);
}
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.components = new System.ComponentModel.Container();
this.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(500,500);
this.Text = "DirectX Tutorial";
}
static void Main()
{
using (WinForm our_directx_form = new WinForm())
{
our_directx_form.InitializeDevice();
Application.Run(our_directx_form);
}
}
}
}
- Website design & XNA + DirectX code : Riemer Grootjans -
©2003 - 2011 Riemer Grootjans
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